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Challenge: Problem 1

You have constructed a mercury-in-glass thermometer. Using only this thermometer, you make a scale for it and then use it to take temperature readings. You discover that your temperature readings, for such things as the boiling point of alcohol, differ from those given in the reference books by as much as O.O8°C. You are a chemist who wants to make measurements of "heats of reaction" at the conventional temperature of 25°C.

Describe how you made your scale and then indicate how, by using the reference books, you can carry out your work on heats of reaction accurately. Choose items from the RESPONSE ARRAY which designate what you would do and use.

1
temperatures of one empirical scale translated into temperatures of another scale by a formula		 2
temperature put directly proportional to pressure of a gas		 3
temperature put proportional to measure of thermometric property		 4
use of First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics to write an equation for temperature		 5
100 degrees specified between the ice point and the steam point
6
number given to the triple point of water: 273.16° K		 7
numbers given to fixed points		 8
temperature defined so as to increase with increase of internal energy		 9
measurements of specific heat under conditions where no work is involved		 10
heat input always increases the entropy (thermal extension), and sometimes the temperature (thermal intensity) of a system
11
concept of internal energy as directly proportional to temperature		 12
ratio of thermal intensities expressed in terms of quantities of heat and work		 13
calibration so as to make thermometer readings as close to the thermodynamic values as possible		 14
a system conceived as consisting of myriads of interacting particles		 15
measurements of gradient or derivative of temperature with respect to entropy
16
the thermal intensities of two systems cannot be added together		 17
an interval of one degree at 200°K does not have the same thermodynamic value as a one degree interval at 400°K		 18
reproducible indication of a particular thermal intensity		 19
ratio of absolute temperatures		 20
a minute part of a system has the same thermal intensity as the whole system