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Challenge: Problem 3

Reformulate the fundamental equation of thermodynamics

TdS = dU + dW

in terms of the concepts shown in the RESPONSE ARRAY so that you have in front of you the straightforward interpretation. Now, in order that this equation (or the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics) can be understood in the case of chemical reactions (if you are unclear on what is involved, refer back to the Presentation of Study Unit 2), we need to have some further concepts in our minds. Indicate what these are by the addition of further items to your original interpretation.

1
heat transfer takes energy from hotter to cooler systems		 2
thermal capacity		 3
isothermal change		 4
a change in volume 		5
transfer of energy by work, involves no change in entropy
6
latent heat		 7
adiabatic change		 8
a change in temperature		 9
internal energy does not consist only of thermal energy		 10
the internal energy periodically returns to its initial magnitude
11
conversion of work into heat production, as in the case of friction		 12
a change in internal energy		 13
absolute temperature-measure of the intensity of thermal energy		 14
internal transition from potential to thermal energy		 15
work output by system
16
a change in entropy		 17
the lower the intensity at which a transfer of energy takes place, the greater the increase of its extension within the system		 18
external stores of thermal energy		 19
changing entropy of a system by heat transfer to a cooler system		 20
the entropy associated with thermal energy at zero intensity